Document is current

Article History

Received: 19 September 2025

Accepted: 30 January 2026

First Online: 2 March 2026

Declarations

:

: Andrew H. Frankel prepared and delivered educational materials, attended advisory boards, and received research grants by Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly and Company, AstraZeneca, Bayer, and Menarini. Kate Bramham attended advisory boards for AstraZeneca, Maze, Alexion, GSK, and Bayer, and received honoraria from Alexion, AstraZeneca, GSK, Vertex Pharma, and Otsuka Pharmaceutical. Barbara Byrne received speaker fees and conference support from Servier, Novartis, Pfizer, and AstraZeneca. Geraldine Chiu and Laura Gray are employees of, and may hold stock in, AstraZeneca. Ruby Chumber received speaker and advisory board fees from AstraZeneca. Sarah Jane Davies received honorarium or support for speaking and attended meetings from Abbott, Amarin Corporation, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo, Dexcom, Eli Lilly and Company, Menarini, Novo Nordisk, and Roche. Ahmet Fuat received speaker fees from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Vifor Pharma. Darren Green received speaker fees from AstraZeneca, Novartis, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly and Company, and GSK. Darren Green holds collaborative working agreements with Novartis, Boehringer Ingelheim, and AstraZeneca, and received consultancy fees from AstraZeneca, GSK, and Bayer. William Priestman received honorarium from AstraZeneca. Mandie Welch received speaker fees from AstraZeneca, Novartis, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Abbott, and received advisory board fees from Pharmacosmos, AstraZeneca, and Boehringer Ingelheim. Simon G. Williams received speaker fees and honoraria for advisory work from Novartis, AstraZeneca, Bayer, and Vifor Pharma. Stephen Wheatcroft received speaker fees from Amarin Corporation, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly and Company, and Novo Nordisk.

: Ethics guidelines are not applicable to this article, as this commentary does not contain any new studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.