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Authors
Campbell-James, Thomas https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1648-0515
Buff, Stefan
Nanchen, Giliane https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8522-7524
Hall, Andrew
Rosemann, Thomas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6436-6306
Nicholson, Lindsay https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3088-7197
Priest, Stacey
Zara, Anthony https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2723-3563
Hubbert, Luke
Vecchio Rodriguez, Caterina
Wharton, George
Pruijm, Menno https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1027-1851
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
AstraZeneca
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Article History
Received: 11 December 2025
Accepted: 30 January 2026
First Online: 25 February 2026
Declarations
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: This publication was funded by AstraZeneca. At the time of redaction, Thomas Campbell-James and Stefan Buff were employed by AstraZeneca. Andrew Hall, Thomas Rosemann, Caterina Vecchio Rodriguez, and Menno Pruijm received compensation from AstraZeneca for participating in two advisory boards to validate the model’s input data and results. The London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) received an unrestricted grant for the development of the conceptual framework underlying IMPACT-CKD. At the time of redaction, George Wharton was employed by LSE. Maverex Limited and EVERSANA received consulting fees to conduct modelling and support manuscript development. At the time of redaction, Lindsay Nicholson and Luke Hubbert were employed by Maverex Limited. At the time of redaction, Stacey Priest and Anthony Zara were employed by EVERSANA. Giliane Nanchen has nothing to disclose.
: Not applicable. Only publicly available aggregated data were utilised, making individual identification impossible. Data from the Medical Statistics of Hospitals is available upon request from the Swiss Federal Statistical Office (FSO). Data from the FIRE Project is available upon request from the Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich.
