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Authors
Iwanami, Akira https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4731-4886
Shirai, Katsuaki https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2062-0377
Ida, Hiroyuki https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2275-8344
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Takeda Pharmaceutical Company
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Article History
Received: 29 September 2025
Accepted: 23 February 2026
First Online: 20 May 2026
Declarations
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: Akira Iwanami has no conflicts of interest to declare. Katsuaki Shirai and Hiroyuki Ida are employees of Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and in compliance with the Ministerial Ordinance on Good Post-marketing Study Practice (GPSP) for drugs in Japan. In accordance with the GPSP Ordinance, institutional review board and ethics committee approvals were not required, as clinical treatment decisions, including the initiation of GXR, were made by the physician as part of routine care. The study was registered at the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (identifier: UMIN000040429). Copyright licenses for the CGI-I scale, PGI-I scale, and the ADHD-RS-IV were obtained prior to their use in this study. Patients provided written informed consent for the collection and use of their data in this study.
