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Authors
Handelsman, Yehuda
Cheng, Alice Y. Y.
Fadini, Gian Paolo
Kushner, Pam
Bonnet, Fabrice
Fioretto, Paola
Kadowaki, Takashi
Kanumilli, Naresh
Cos, Xavier
Frese, Thomas
Ji, Linong
Murton, Molly
Foulcer, Simon
Pentakota, Surendra
Rossing, Peter
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
AstraZeneca
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Article History
Received: 18 December 2025
Accepted: 3 March 2026
First Online: 24 March 2026
Declarations
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: Yehuda Handelsman: Received research grants, consultant & speaker honoraria from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Corcept, Eli Lilly, Ionis, Merck, Novo Nordisk, Regeneron, Sanofi, Verdiva Bio; Alice Cheng: Received consulting and speaking honoraria from Abbott, Astellas, Aspen, AstraZeneca, Amgen, Bausch, Bayer, Biomea Fusion, Boehringer Ingelheim, Dexcom, Eisai, Eli Lilly, GSK, HLS Therapeutics, Insulet, Medtronic, Merck, MSD, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Sandoz, Sanofi, and Vertex; Gian Paolo Fadini: Received grants, honoraria or lecture fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer, Eli Lilly, Guidotti, Mundipharma, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Servier, and Sanofi; Pam Kushner: Received honoraria for consulting or advisory boards for AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk and VERDIVA; Fabrice Bonnett: No competing interests; Paola Fioretti: Received fees as consultant and speaker for AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly and Novo Nordisk; Takashi Kadowaki: Received research grants from Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd. and Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd.; receiving consulting fees from Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Eli Lilly Japan K.K. and Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd.; receiving honoraria for lectures from Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd., Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Teijin Pharma Ltd., MSD Corporation, Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd.; Naresh Kanumilli: No competing interests; Xavier Cos: No competing interests; Thomas Frese: Received payments from Astra Zeneca and Boehringer Ingelheim; Linong Ji: No competing interests; Molly Murton: Employee of Costello Medical; Simon Foulcer: Employee of AstraZeneca and hold associated stock options; Surendra Pentakota: Employee of AstraZeneca and held associated stock options at time of project; Peter Rossing: Received consultancy and/or speaker fees (to his institution) from Abbott, AstraZeneca, Amgen, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Gilead, Novo Nordisk and Roche; research grants from AstraZeneca, Bayer and Novo Nordisk; study drugs from AstraZeneca, Bayer Lexicon and Novo Nordisk.
: This article is based on previously conducted studies and does not contain any new studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.
