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Article History

Received: 8 December 2025

Accepted: 9 March 2026

First Online: 31 March 2026

Declarations

:

: Makoto Aihara is a consultant and/or has received grant support or honoraria from Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Alcon Japan, Pfizer, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., CREWT Medical Systems, Rohto Nitten Co., Ltd., Sato Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Carl Zeiss, Kowa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., HOYA, Allergan, Johnson & Johnson, Wakamoto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Novartis, Glaukos, TOMEY and TOPCON.

: The study was conducted in compliance with institutional review boards (IRBs) and the Good Clinical Practice for Drugs guidelines, and in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. IRBs included Shintokai Medical Corporation, Shin-Akasaka, Jinbo Orthopedics and the Society for the Ethics of Clinical Research. Further details are presented in Table  . Ethical approval ID numbers are unavailable due to the location of the IRBs. All participants provided consent before the study commenced.

: Medical writing support, including assisting the author with development of the outline and initial draft and incorporation of comments was provided by Abbie Rodger, BSc, editorial support, including fact checking, referencing, figure preparation, formatting, proofreading and submission was provided by Isobel Markham, MSc, and Jess Fawcett, BSc, of the Prime Group of Companies (Knutsford, UK); this support was funded by Santen Pharmaceuticals Co., Inc., according to Good Publication Practice guidelines [ ].