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Article History

Received: 26 February 2026

Accepted: 5 May 2026

First Online: 12 June 2026

Declarations

Conflict of Interest: Candrice R. Heath has received fees as an independent contractor for advisory boards/advising from Apogee, Arcutis, Dermavant, Janssen/Johnson and Johnson, Kenvue, Lilly, L’Oreal, Nutrafol, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi, Tower 28, Unilever, and WebMD and speaker fees from Johnson and Johnson. Her institution has received research related funds from Eli Lilly and Company, CorEvitas, Janssen, Robert A. Winn Diversity in Clinical Trials Award Program established by the Bristol Meyers Squibb Foundation, and Skin of Color Society Foundation’s Skin of Color Society Career Development Award. Bryan Dosono is a research ambassador for the National Eczema Association. Vivian Y. Shi has received grants from Pfizer and Skin Actives Scientific. She has received honoraria from AbbVie, Almirall, Alums, Sanofi Genzyme, Regeneron, Eli Lilly, Genentech, Novartis, SUN Pharma, LEO Pharma, Pfizer, Menlo Therapeutics, Dermira, Burt’s Bees, Altus Lab, MYOR, Polyfin Technology, GpSkin: Skin Actives Scientific, Kiniksa, Galderma, TARGET-DERM, Target-PharmaSolutions, cQuell/Altus Lab, Incyte, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Aristea Therapeutic. She has further participated on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board for AbbVie, Almirall, Alums, Sanofi, Genzyme, Regeneron, Eli Lilly, Genentech, Novartis, SUN Pharma, LEO Pharma, Pfizer, Menlo Therapeutics, Dermira, Burt’s Bees, Altus Lab, MYOR, Polyfin Technology, GpSkin, Skin Actives, Scientific Kiniksa, Galderma, TARGET-DERM, Target-PharmaSolutions, cQuell/Altus Lab, Incyte, Boehringer Ingelheim, Aristea Therapeutic. She is a Stockholder of LearnSkin health, an advisor for the National Eczema Association, and acts as treasurer (no compensation) for the HS Foundation. Jennifer Suong is an Advisory Board/Consultant for: Amgen, Arcutis, AbbVie, BMS, Eli Lilly, Ortho Dermatologics, Novartis, Janssen, UCB, Coval Bio and an Investigator for Eli Lilly, Novartis, UCB, Boehringer Ingelheim, LEO, Galderma, Allergan, Pfizer, AbbVie, Arcutis, BMS, KoBioLabs, Dermavant. Wendy Smith Begolka has received research grants from Pfizer and payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers’ bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events for Pfizer, Sanofi, and Amgen. She has further received support for attending meetings and/or travel from Sanofi. She holds a leadership or fiduciary role in the National Eczema Association. Beth Mitchell and Evangeline J. Pierce are employees and shareholders of Eli Lilly and Company, which funded this study. Amber Reck Atwater is a former employee and stockholder of Eli Lilly and Company; work related to the study was conducted during her tenure at Eli Lilly and Company. She reports a Pfizer Independent Learning and Change Grant (for fellow salary support; ended 5/2021) and patents planned, issued or pending for Eli Lilly and Company. Elizabeth D. Bacci, Melissa L. Constantine, and Julia R. Correll are employees of Evidera, which received financial support from Eli Lilly and Company for work on this study. Raj Chovatiya is an advisor, consultant, speaker, and/or investigator for AbbVie, Amgen, Apogee Therapeutics, Arcutis, Argenx, ASLAN Pharmaceuticals, Beiersdorf, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Cara Therapeutics, Dermavant, Eli Lilly and Company, FIDE, Formation Bio, Galderma, Genentech, GSK, Incyte, LEO Pharma, L’Oréal, Nektar Therapeutics, Novartis, Opsidio, Pfizer Inc., Regeneron, RAPT, Sanofi, Sitryx, and UCB.

Ethical Approval: The study, including all study materials, was approved by the Advarra institutional review board (Pro00070530). The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. All study participants provided electronic informed consent.