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Article History

Received: 22 April 2026

Accepted: 15 May 2026

First Online: 6 June 2026

Declarations

:

: Megha Poddar reports receiving royalties or licences from the Medical Weight Management Centre of Canada; consulting fees and honoraria for education in obesity and diabetes management from Bausch Health, Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly, EOCI Pharmacomm, CCRN, Janssen, Merck, Antibody Solutions, CPD Network Association, Johnson & Johnson, Boehringer Ingelheim, Rhythm Pharmaceuticals, and the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario; and travel support from Bausch Health, Novo Nordisk, and Eli Lilly. Dr. Poddar has participated on the data safety monitoring board for the OK-TRANSPLANT-2 clinical trial and serves as a chief medical officer for Nymble Health and medical adviser for Shoppers Drug Mart. Joe Nadglowski is an employee of the Obesity Action Coalition.

: This article is based on previously conducted studies and does not contain any new studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.