Laban, Guy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3796-1804
Morrison, Val https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4308-8976
Kappas, Arvid https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7715-8709
S. Cross, Emily https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1671-5698
Funding for this research was provided by:
H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (814072)
H2020 European Research Council (677270)
Leverhulme Trust
Article History
Accepted: 19 December 2024
First Online: 26 May 2025
Declarations
:
: The study followed rigorous ethical standards and all study procedures were approved by the research ethics of the University of Glasgow (ethics approval numbers 300200094 & 300200132). All participants provided written informed consent before participating in the study, and were debriefed after participating in the study (for more information see Sect. ).
: This study was funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie to ENTWINE, the European Training Network on Informal Care (Grant agreement no. 814072), the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (Grant agreement no. 677270 to EC), and the Leverhulme Trust (PLP-2018-152 to EC).
: The authors declare that they have no Conflict of interest.
: Consistent with recent proposals [, ], we pre-registered the study and report for how we determined our sample size, all data exclusions, all manipulations and all measures in the study [see []]. In addition, following open science initiatives [e.g., []], the de-identified data set, stimuli and analysis code associated with this study are freely available online [].