Liu, Yankuan
Rau, Pei-Luen Patrick https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5713-8612
Article History
Received: 25 June 2024
Revised: 8 July 2025
Accepted: 8 September 2025
First Online: 18 September 2025
Declarations
:
: This study did not involve any experiments on human participants or animals. The research was conducted using an anonymous online questionnaire with voluntary participation. No personally identifiable information or sensitive data were collected. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Participants were informed of the study’s purpose, their rights, and the voluntary nature of their participation before completing the survey. This study has received ethics approval from Tsinghua University Science and Technology Ethics Committee (Humanities, Social Sciences and Engineering).
: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest related to this research.