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Authors
Chi, Zihao https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3008-7068
Iwasaki, Masaya
Nakata, Yoshihiro
Jogan, Genki
Ishiguro, Hiroshi
Yoshikawa, Yuichiro
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The University of Osaka
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Article History
Received: 9 December 2024
Revised: 18 August 2025
Accepted: 4 November 2025
First Online: 20 February 2026
Declarations
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: The laboratory experiment was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Osaka University (Reference number: R1-6-3). The video experiment was approved separately by the same committee (Reference number: R1-7-4).
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: The participant shown in Fig. provided informed consent for the publication of the images.
: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
