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Authors
Oña Morales, Lisbeth Alexandra https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0236-0697
Dóniz Páez, Javier
Brilha, José
Recalde, Juan Pablo
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universidade do Minho
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Article History
Received: 15 April 2025
Accepted: 11 December 2025
First Online: 10 March 2026
Declarations
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: It was not required for this study, as it does not involve human or animal subjects. All research activities were conducted in accordance with relevant institutional and ethical guidelines.
: The authors declare no competing financial or personal interests that could have influenced the work presented in this study. This research was partially funded by the Geoparque Volcán Tungurahua, Universidad de La Laguna, and the Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree PANGEA program. These institutions had no role in the study design, data collection, analysis, or interpretation of results.
