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Drinking Water Hardness (as a Proxy for Calcium) Significantly Modifies the Relationship Between Dental Caries Prevalence in 5 Year Old Children and Drinking Water Fluoride and Socio-economic Inequalities in England

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-026-00782-z

Published Online: 2026-05-18

Published Print: 2026-06

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Mehrabi, Mohammad

Han, Yang

Moore, Deborah

Ascott, Matthew J.

Glenny, Anne-Marie

Polya, David A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7484-6696
License Information

Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-05-18

Version of Record valid from 2026-05-18
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Article History

Received: 11 December 2025

Revised: 24 March 2026

Accepted: 19 April 2026

First Online: 18 May 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: MJA publishes with the permission of the Director, British Geological Survey (NERC).

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