Son, Yejun
Hong, Seohyun
Yim, Yesol
Kim, Soeun
Lee, Hojae
Lee, Kyeongmin
Kim, Hyeon Jin
Jo, Hyesu
Park, Jaeyu
Oh, Jiyeon
Lee, Sooji
Lee, Hayeon
Nehs, Christa J.
Smith, Lee
Yon, Dong Keon
Kang, Jiseung https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3734-7572
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea (IITP-2024-RS-2024-00438239)
AI Excellence Global Innovative Leader Education Program (RS-2022-00143911)
Article History
Received: 23 August 2024
Revised: 27 January 2025
Accepted: 2 February 2025
First Online: 20 March 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. No financial or non-financial benefits have been received or will be received from any party related directly or indirectly to the subject of this article. The author YDK is a member of the editorial board for World Journal of Pediatrics. The paper was handled by the other editor and has undergone rigorous peer review process. The author YDK was not involved in the journal’s review of, or decision related to this manuscript.
: All GSHS surveys and protocols were approved by each country’s government agency (primarily the Ministry of Health or Education), institutional ethics committees, and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Participant anonymity and voluntary participation were ensured, and data were statistically weighted to adjust for non-response and sampling variations.