Qiu, Han
Zhou, Chun-Yan
Hu, Shou-Xun
Li, Luan-Luan
Wang, Xi-Rui
Zhang, Jun
Tian, Ying
Wang, Bin
Yu, Xiao-Dan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2283-7138
Funding for this research was provided by:
Key Technologies Research and Development Program (2022YFC2705200)
High-level Medical Introduction Teams in Fujian Province (RT2022-022)
Clinical Research Center of ADHD affiliated with Pediatrics College (ELYZX202207)
Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Neurodevelopmental Disease of Fujian Province (2022Y2016)
Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (20152234)
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Child Brain and Development (24dz2260100)
Shanghai Municipal Health Commission (2020CXJQ01)
Article History
Received: 1 April 2025
Revised: 17 August 2025
Accepted: 18 August 2025
First Online: 19 September 2025
Declarations
:
: No financial or non-financial benefits have been received or will be received from any party related directly or indirectly to the subject of this article.
: This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Shanghai Xinhua Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (XHEC-C-2013-001-3). The written informed consent was obtained from mothers for themselves and their children.