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Authors
Gao, Shi-Yang
Huang, Yi-Guo
Wang, Li-Bo
Zhang, Qian-Wen
Chang, Guo-Ying
Li, Juan
Hu, Fei-Han
Ding, Yu
Wang, Xiu-Min https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2186-759X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Nature Science Foundation of China (82170910)
2024-National Clinical Key Specialty Construction Project (No.10000015Z155080000004)
Clinical Youth Cadre Hospital Fund of Shanghai Children's Medical Center (QN-SCMC2023-5)
Special Fund for People's Livelihood Scientific Research of Public Institutions under the Science and Technology Development Fund of Pudong New Area (PKJ2025-Y03)
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Article History
Received: 14 May 2025
Revised: 2 July 2025
Accepted: 20 November 2025
First Online: 27 December 2025
Declarations
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: No financial or non-financial benefits have been received or will be received from any party related directly or indirectly to the subject of this article. Author Guo-Ying Chang serves as an Youth Editorial Board Member for World Journal of Pediatrics . The manuscript was handled by an independent Editor and underwent rigorous peer review. Author Guo-Ying Chang was excluded from all editorial decisions related to this manuscript.
: The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Shanghai Children’s Medical Center (SCMCIRB-K2022007-1), School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and all methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations (Declaration of Helsinki). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants or their guardians.
