Yang, Shuai
Padmapriya, Natarajan
Saw, Seang-Mei
Chong, Yap Seng
Shek, Lynette P.
Gluckman, Peter D.
Godfrey, Keith M.
Eriksson, Johan G.
Müller-Riemenschneider, Falk
Law, Evelyn C.
Bernard, Jonathan Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6418-983X
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Medical Research Council (NMRC/TCR/004-NUS/2008)
National Medical Research Council (NMRC/TCR/012-NUHS/2014)
Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-20-CE36-0001)
Medical Research Council (MC_UU_12011/4)
Article History
Received: 18 September 2025
Revised: 14 November 2025
Accepted: 9 April 2026
First Online: 3 June 2026
Declarations
:
: KMG has received reimbursement for speaking at conferences sponsored by companies selling nutritional products, and is part of an academic consortium that has received research funding from Abbott Nutrition, Nestec, BenevolentAI Bio Ltd. and Danone, outside the submitted work. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests.
: The study received ethics approval from the National Healthcare Group Domain Specific Review Board (D/2009/021, B/2014/00406 and D/2010/210) and the SingHealth Centralised Institutional Review Board (CIRB 2018/2767 and CIRB 2018/3138). Informed consent to participate in the study have been obtained from participants or their parent or legal guardian in the case of children under 16.