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Chemical and isotopic analyses reconstruct multi-scalar copper circulation networks in West Africa: evidence from Akjoujt and Walaldé, 1st millenium BCE – 1st millenium CE

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-025-02371-8

Published Online: 2026-03-14

Published Print: 2026-04

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Stephens, Jay

Courcier, Antoine

Deme, Alioune

Fenn, Thomas

McIntosh, Susan Keech

McIntosh, Roderick J.

Sarah, Guillaume

Renson, Virginie
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

French Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs

National Science Foundation (SBR-9820919)

Division of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences (BCS-1534094)

Division of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences (BCS-0922374)

Rice University
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Article History

Received: 3 October 2025

Accepted: 17 November 2025

First Online: 14 March 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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