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Authors
Chou, Chih-Yuan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4799-3065
Chen, Wen-Jing
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science and Technology Council (113-2410-H-004-175-MY2)
National Chengchi University
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Article History
Received: 19 August 2024
Accepted: 13 June 2025
First Online: 1 July 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: We use generative AI responsibly and exclusively for proofreading. All content was written by us, and AI tools were employed only to help identify potential grammatical errors. We carefully reviewed and revised the text ourselves to ensure clarity, coherence, and accuracy. No content was directly generated by AI. We strictly adhere to Springer’s editorial policies and ensure that our work is entirely free from plagiarism, including both self-plagiarism and the use of others’ work without proper attribution.
