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Authors
Carungay, Marielle Ann A. https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2149-0593
Cabaitan, Patrick C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5207-2378
Conaco, Cecilia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3594-2810
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural Resources Research and Development (QMSR-MRRD-COR-462-2519, QMSR-MRRD-COR-462-2520)
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Article History
Received: 4 June 2025
Revised: 10 August 2025
Accepted: 15 August 2025
First Online: 9 September 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: No animal testing was performed during this study.
: All necessary permits for sampling and observational field studies were obtained by the authors from the Department of Environment and Natural Resources Protected Area Management Board (DENR PAMB) of the ARNP (PAMB Resolution No. 2023-001) and the Department of Agriculture Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (Gratuitous Permit Nos. 0270-23 and 0331-25). The study is compliant with CBD and Nagoya protocols.
: All coral skeleton specimens are stored in the Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines. The specimens and data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
: MAC wrote the original draft, contributed to the conceptualization of the study, collection of samples and data, and reviewing and editing the final manuscript. PCC and CC contributed to the conceptualization of the study, collection of samples and data, reviewing and editing the final manuscript, and provided funding. All authors read and approved the manuscript.
