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Authors
Preciado-González, Paul A. https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1360-6162
Hoyos-Padilla, Edgar M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4318-2655
Higuera-Rivas, Jesús Erick https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4607-8244
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Article History
Received: 3 August 2025
Revised: 20 September 2025
Accepted: 7 October 2025
First Online: 23 October 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.
: All necessary permits for sampling and observational field studies have been obtained by the authors from the competent authorities.
: The data that support the findings of this study are not openly available due to reasons of sensitivity and are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
: JEHR conducted the fieldwork and took the videos and photos during the encounters with the manta ray. PAPG, EMHP, and JEHR wrote the draft of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
