Document is current

Article History

Received: 26 August 2025

Revised: 9 January 2026

Accepted: 12 January 2026

First Online: 27 February 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest that are relevant to the content of this article.

: During the preparation of this work the authors used ChatGPT and DeepSeek in the writing process to improve the readability and language of the manuscript. After using this tool/service, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the published article.

: All empirical data used in this study were derived from previously published research, where ethical protocols were reviewed and approved by the corresponding ethics committees, as detailed in the respective publication. All participants and their caregivers provided written informed consent in accordance with the World Medical Association’s Code of Ethics ( Declaration of Helsinki ). The study protocol received approval from the Ethics Committee at Porto University (Porto, Portugal).