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Authors
Li, Songhua
Jin, Chi https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5365-4870
Sun, Jingyu
Zhao, Zichen
Zuo, Chuang
Lin, Gefei
Pang, Xiangyun
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Project supported by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U23A20631)
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2024YFB3410202)
Shenyang Jianzhu University, Key Laboratory of High-end Ceramic Bearing (SJUKLHCB03)
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Article History
Received: 28 July 2025
Revised: 26 August 2025
Accepted: 31 August 2025
First Online: 21 November 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was not required for this study.
: Written informed consent was obtained from individual or guardian participants.
: Manuscript was approved by all authors for publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
