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Authors
Chien, Li-Hsin
Hung, Hsiao-Han
Chang, Ting-Wei
Hsiung, Chao A.
Chang, I-Shou https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6254-8114
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (MOST112-2118-M-033-002-MY2, MOST111-2740-B-400-002, MOST111-2314-B-400-020)
Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW113-TDU-B-222-134014)
National Dong Hwa University (Spotlight research project 114T2560-03)
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Article History
Received: 28 May 2024
Revised: 20 April 2025
Accepted: 24 April 2025
First Online: 14 May 2025
Declarations
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: Chien reported receiving grants from Taiwan’s National Science and Technology Council during the study period. Hsiung reported receiving grants from Taiwan’s National Health Research Institutes during the study period. Dr. I.-S. Chang reported receiving grants from the Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW), Taiwan, during the study period. No other disclosures were reported.
: This study followed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) reporting guidelines and was approved by the institutional review board of Taiwan’s National Health Research Institutes with approval number EC1000902. The study conformed to the Declaration of Helsinki provisions. All the analyses regarding the TCR, TCOD, and NHIRD were performed in a secured area of the Data Science Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan; only the statistical results can be checked out after approval. Written consent was obtained from each participant in the GELAC for this study.
