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Authors
Tong, Dazhen https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9918-744X
Tao, Yang https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4439-375X
Zhang, Kangkang
Dong, Xinxin
Hu, Yangyang
Pan, Sudong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3347-577X
Liu, Qiaoyi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1613-7891
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Social Science Fund of China (DIA220370)
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Article History
Received: 27 July 2023
Revised: 17 October 2023
Accepted: 25 October 2023
First Online: 29 November 2023
Declarations
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: No potential conflict of interest is reported by the authors.
: As the subject of this study is ChatGPT-4, our investigation on this AI tool does not require an Ethics Committee Approval. As for the portion where we compared ChatGPT-4’s performance with students’, the student data were adapted from three previous studies, namely Li et al. ( ), Xing ( ), Xing et al. ( ). We have obtained permission from the copyright owners. Henceforth, the entirety of our submission does not require an Ethics Committee Approval.
