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Authors
Hwang, Jihyun https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3107-7142
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Article History
Received: 19 May 2023
Revised: 8 March 2024
Accepted: 3 December 2024
First Online: 18 December 2024
Declarations
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: The author declares that they have no competing interests.
: The original data used in this study were collected in accordance with the ethical guidelines established by the Busan Metropolitan City Office of Education, a Korean government agency, as part of the Busan Education Longitudinal Study (BELS). This study utilized a non-individually identifiable dataset from BELS. As the analysis does not involve human subjects, no additional ethical review or approval was required. The study was approved by the Busan Metropolitan City Office of Education, and the results were reported to them.
