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Article History

Received: 11 January 2017

Accepted: 18 December 2017

First Online: 29 January 2018

Compliance with ethical standards

: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors.

: The household survey was conducted according to the guidelines laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki and all procedures involving human subjects were approved by the University of Ghana Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR) Institutional Review Board. Consent to voluntarily participate in the study was sought from respondents after giving them general information about the study, details of data to be collected, risks and discomforts, benefits, confidentiality and their right to leave the research at any point in time. They were also given contact details of one researcher for further information. Participants signed a consent form to indicate such, or made a cross to indicate consent if they could not sign.

: This work was financially supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The authors report no conflicts of interest.