Funding for this research was provided by:
Lanzhou University of Technology
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52073133)
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals (18LHPY002)
Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science
Key Talent Project Foundation of Gansu Province, Joint
Lanzhou University of Technology
Program for Hongliu Distinguished Young Scholars
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52073133)
Article History
Received: 3 May 2025
Revised: 8 August 2025
Accepted: 9 August 2025
First Online: 3 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.