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Article History

Received: 14 November 2025

Revised: 14 November 2025

Accepted: 14 January 2026

First Online: 26 May 2026

Acknowledgments

: The authors thank Drs. Henry Rosenberg, M.D. (Malignant Hyperthermia Association of the United States, Sherbourne, New York), Nikolaus Gravenstein, M.D. (North American Malignant Hyperthermia Registry, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida), and Mark Poler, M.D. (Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania) for critical review of the article. The authors also thank Bryan Penberthy, M.F.A. (Communications and Publishing Office, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida), for editorial assistance with this article.

: Dr. Riazi receives salary support through a merit award from the UHN Research Institute (Toronto, Canada). Dr. Biesecker is supported by grant No. 1 ZIA HG200387-11 from the National Institutes of Health, National Human Genome Research Institute Intramural Research (Bethesda, Maryland).

: Dr. Biesecker receives research support from Merck, Inc. (Rahway, New Jersey); is a member of the Illumina Corp. (San Diego, California) Medical Ethics Advisory Committee; and receives royalties from Wolters Kluwer for Up-To-Date (Alphen aan den Rijn, Netherlands). Dr. Watt is the President of the Malignant Hyperthermia Association of United States (Sherbourne, New York), and Dr. Riazi is Chair of the International Professional Advisory Council of the Malignant Hyperthermia Association of United States (Sherbourne, New York). Dr. Plester declares no competing interests.

: Les autrices et auteurs remercient le Dr Henry Rosenberg, M.D. ( Malignant Hyperthermia Association of the United States , Sherbourne, New York), Nikolaus Gravenstein, M.D. ( North American Malignant Hyperthermia Registry , University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Floride) et Mark Poler, M.D. (Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvanie) pour la revue critique de l’article. Nous remercions également Bryan Penberthy, M.F.A. (Bureau des Communications et publications, Département d’anesthésiologie, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Floride), pour son aide éditoriale pour cet article.

: La Dre Riazi reçoit un soutien salarial sous forme de bourse de mérite de l’UHN Research Institute (Toronto, Canada). Le Dr Biesecker est soutenu par la subvention no 1 ZIA HG200387-11 des National Institutes of Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, programme de recherche intramurale (Bethesda, Maryland).

: Le Dr Biesecker reçoit un soutien à la recherche de Merck, Inc. (Rahway, New Jersey), est membre du comité consultatif en éthique médicale d’Illumina Corp. (San Diego, Californie) et reçoit des redevances de Wolters Kluwer pour Up-To-Date (Alphen aan den Rijn, Pays-Bas). La Dre Watt est présidente de la Malignant Hyperthermia Association of the United States (Sherbourne, New York), et la Dre Riazi est présidente du International Professional Advisory Council de la Malignant Hyperthermia Association of the United States (Sherbourne, New York). La Dre Plester déclare n’avoir aucun conflit d’intérêts.