Amir Fadhil, Farid Munawwar
Hairol Aman, Mohammad Amirul
Ahmad Noorden, Ahmad Fakhrurrazi
Danial, Wan Hazman
Daud, Suzairi
Bahadoran, Mahdi
Mohd Napi, Muhammad Luqman
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia (FRGS 19-033-1641)
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTMER vot no. Q.J130000.3854.31J54)
Article History
Received: 1 August 2025
Accepted: 25 November 2025
First Online: 10 December 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.