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Authors
Fuad, Mohamad Fathul Bari Mohd
Rashid, Mohd Marzaini Mohd
Pakhuruddin, Mohd Zamir
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Higher Education (MoHE) Malaysia (FRGS/1/2024/STG07/USM/02/4)
Universiti Sains Malaysia
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Article History
Received: 31 July 2025
Accepted: 26 December 2025
First Online: 7 January 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
