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Authors
Mohamed, Rosnita
Abdullah, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri
Razak, Rafiza Abd
Jamaludin, Liyana
Kamonsutthipaijit, Nuntaporn
Bras, Ana Armada
Mydin, Md Azree Othuman
Hao, Dickson Ling Chuan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Education Malaysia and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) United Kingdom (JPT.S (BPKI)2000/016/018/019 Jld. (10))
Universiti Malaysia Perlis
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Article History
Received: 24 August 2025
Accepted: 9 May 2026
First Online: 4 June 2026
Declarations
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: Our study did not require an ethical board approval because it did not contain human or animal trails.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
