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Article History

Received: 9 June 2025

Accepted: 9 September 2025

First Online: 23 September 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors affirm that all research carried out in this study adhered to the appropriate ethical guidelines, including obtaining informed consent from participants where applicable, ensuring the confidentiality of personal data. This research was performed in accordance with the ethical guidelines approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of the Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University.

: All authors have consented to participate in this study.

: All authors agree to publish the findings of the current work.

: This study presents the first comprehensive evaluation of beet-vinasse as a partial substitute for urea in lactating dairy cow diets, specifically investigating its effects on dry matter intake, milk performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood metabolites. While previous research has explored vinasse in ruminant nutrition, our work uniquely demonstrates that replacing 0.2% dietary urea with 2% vinasse enhances fat-corrected milk, energy-corrected milk, and fiber digestibility without compromising blood metabolic health. The findings provide novel insights into sustainable feed strategies by valorizing an industrial by-product, offering a practical approach to reduce reliance on synthetic nitrogen sources while improving dairy cow productivity. This research addresses critical gaps in optimizing vinasse inclusion levels for mid-lactation cows, contributing to both economic and environmental sustainability in livestock production.