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Authors
Ismail, Azlan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2535-6359
Jawaddi, Siti Nuraishah Agos
Sazali, Faris Haziq
Zain, Jasni Mohamad
Jaafar, Jafreezal
Hasan, Mohd Hilmi
Aziz, Izzatdin Abdul
Haron, Nazleeni Samiha
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Yayasan UTP
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Article History
Received: 17 September 2024
Revised: 4 June 2025
Accepted: 4 July 2025
First Online: 8 August 2025
Declarations
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: The authors have no Conflict of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.
: During the preparation of this work, the authors used ChatGPT to improve sentence structure and fix grammar issues. After using this tool, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and took full responsibility for the content of the publication.
