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Authors
Xavier, Frijo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8631-1998
Agarwal, Subham S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2018-150X
Rao, Santhosh https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0274-7442
M R, Rakhi https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9210-3202
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Article History
Received: 17 May 2025
Accepted: 29 November 2025
First Online: 16 February 2026
Declarations
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: None of the authors have any financial or personal interest associated with this article. No funding has been received by any author in relation to this study.
: This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee, AIIMS Raipur (Ref No: 2564/IEC-AIIMSRPR/2022). The study used anonymized panoramic radiographs obtained from patients who had consented to the use of clinical data for research purposes. The evaluators provided informed consent for participation. All procedures were conducted in accordance with institutional and national ethical standards and the Declaration of Helsinki.
