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Article History

Received: 15 May 2025

Accepted: 18 November 2025

First Online: 5 February 2026

Declarations

:

: TW, BW, JW and LY declare no competing interests.

: The study was performed conforming to the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2000 and 2008 concerning human and animal rights, and the authors followed the policy concerning informed consent as shown on Springer.com.

: The authors agree to the publication of the manuscript.

: The authors are solely responsible for the data and the contents of the paper. In no way, the Honorary Editor-in-Chief, Editorial Board Members, the Indian Society of Gastroenterology or the printer/publishers are responsible for the results/findings and content of this article.