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Authors
Zhao, Xuehan
Fu, Xiaodong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0646-7643
Wu, Kai
Zhang, Zhenping
Xi, Tian
Kang, Jingyu
Sheng, Qian
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFC3081200)
Transportation Science and Technology Project of Sichuan Province (2024-A-02)
Key Research and Development Program of Liaoning Province (202303AA080010)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52409137)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (U21A20159)
State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (SKLGP2022K010)
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Article History
Received: 18 July 2025
Accepted: 30 October 2025
First Online: 26 November 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
