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Authors
Al Awawdeh, Safaa
Shafie, Nurul Husna
Ishak, Amirah Haziyah
Mohd Esa, Norhaizan
Loh, Su Peng
Nurdin, Armania
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Education, Malaysia (FRGS/1/2018/SKK10/UPM/02/5)
Ministry of Education, Malaysia (FRGS/1/2018/SKK10/UPM/02/5)
Ministry of Education, Malaysia (FRGS/1/2018/SKK10/UPM/02/5)
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Article History
Received: 10 June 2025
Accepted: 3 November 2025
First Online: 19 December 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
