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Authors
Saleem, Noshaba
Ishrat, Ghazala
Batool, Sibgha
Saleem, Abida
Mukhtiar, Muhammad
Alamri, Ali H.
Alqahtani, Ahmad S.
Alshahrani, Mohammed A.
Alshehri, Mohammed A.
Din, Fakhar ud
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Higher Education Commision, Pakistan (20-14604/NRPU/R&D/HEC/2021)
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Article History
Received: 29 March 2025
Accepted: 11 December 2025
First Online: 30 January 2026
Declarations
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: Preclinical studies of the prepared CLP-PNPs were investigated in male Sprague-Dawley rats as discussed in Sect. 2.6.1. They were acquired from the National Institute of Health (NIH), Islamabad, Pakistan. The animals were housed at the Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad at controlled temperature and humidity. The study was performed as per the ARRIVE guidelines (Version 2) and NIH guidelines for animal handling. The animal study protocol was further approved by the bioethical committee of Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad under the approval number of BEC-FBS-QAU2023-475. Moreover, no human beings were used in this study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The authors declare they have no financial interests.
