Mhavarkar, Saloni R.
Barage, Sagar H.
Jadhav, Kajal
Jadhav, Shekhar B. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0356-8438
Article History
Received: 27 October 2025
Accepted: 28 March 2026
First Online: 14 April 2026
Declarations
:
: Uropathogenic strains used in this study were obtained as anonymized clinical isolates from urine samples processed in a diagnostic laboratory. No identifiable patient information was used, and no direct human participation occurred. The Institutional ethical approval is not applicable in this case.
: Authors declare that they have NOT used any Generative AI & AI tools to create or alter images of this manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.