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Article History

Received: 9 March 2026

Accepted: 14 May 2026

First Online: 21 May 2026

Declarations

Ethics statement: All animal experiments were conducted in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals issued by the China Public Health Service. Mice were anesthetized with isoflurane (2–3% for induction and 1–2% for maintenance) in oxygen prior to all surgical or invasive procedures to minimize pain and distress. For euthanasia, animals were deeply anesthetized with isoflurane followed by cervical dislocation, in accordance with the guidelines of the Animal Ethics Committee of Beijing Normal University and the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals .

Consent to publish: All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript and consent to its publication.

Consent to participate: Not applicable.

Author and affiliations: 1 Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. of China.

Corresponding Author: Correspondence to Jinju Yang or Qun Wei.

Dual publication: This manuscript has not been published previously and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.

Authorship: All listed authors have made substantial, direct, and intellectual contributions to the work and approved it for publication.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.