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Article History

Accepted: 15 September 2023

First Online: 10 October 2023

Declarations

:

: The study was reviewed and approved by the Committee on Human Research (CHR) which is the Institutional Review Board of the University of California, San Francisco, the review board of the Clinical Research Center of the San Francisco General Hospital, and the Office of Clinical and Regulatory Affairs of the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. All study procedures were in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or compatible ethical standards.

: All participants provided written informed consent and CP/CP + study participants provided HIPAA authorization.

: Nancy Bardacke is the developer of the Mindfulness-Based Childbirth and Parenting (MBCP) program and receives royalties from sales of a related book. She is the founder of the non-profit Mindful Birthing and Parenting Foundation (MBPF) and receives salary for MBPF activities including professional training of MBCP teachers. Larissa Duncan is an unpaid, volunteer member of the board of directors of the MBPF and receives occasional honoraria for speaking about MBCP research. Margaret Hutchison, Deena Mallareddy, and Laurie Jurkiewicz were faculty of the Centering Healthcare Institute during the study and received payment for conducting CenteringPregnancy trainings and site approval visits. The other authors certify they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.

: The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not represent the official views of the funders.

: No artificial intelligence tools were used in the preparation of this manuscript or the studies described herein.