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Authors
Zhu, Hongli
Zeng, Jingyi
Liu, Leier
Gong, Jingbo
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Hunan Province Education Department Research Grant (24C1120)
Shanghai Changning District Medical Health Research Project (CNKW2022Y39)
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Article History
Accepted: 4 September 2025
First Online: 14 October 2025
Declarations
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: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Changning Mental Health Centre (M202151).
: Written informed consent was obtained from all adolescents and their primary caregivers after a complete explanation of the study.
: During the preparation of this work, the authors did not use any generative AI or AI-assisted technologies.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
