Ruan, Xingjian
Kraiss, Jannis
Tönis, Kim J. M.
Cebolla, Ausiás
Lenferink, Lonneke I. M.
van Rompay, Thomas
Bohlmeijer, Ernst
Funding for this research was provided by:
China Scholarship Council (202307300020)
Article History
Accepted: 6 September 2025
First Online: 13 October 2025
Declarations
:
: This study received ethical approval from the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Twente (approval number: 240310).
: Informed consent was obtained electronically from all participants prior to data collection. Participants were informed about the study’s purpose, procedures, voluntary nature of participation, and their right to withdraw at any time without consequences. Participants provided consent for data privacy measures and the use of anonymized data for research publication purposes.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Artificial intelligence tools (Claude Sonnet4) were used only in checking grammar and format, polishing the manuscript, and translating the original Dutch version of the audio script and delivery instructions.