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Authors
Guarini, Annalisa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3739-2162
Menabò, Laura https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0741-1163
Bigoni, Maria https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5988-6115
Bortolotti, Stefania https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8326-5447
Fort, Margherita
Iorio, Daniela https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3718-9201
Monfardini, Chiara https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0453-4785
Duncan, Larissa G. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9690-0307
Sansavini, Alessandra https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1991-9864
Suttora, Chiara https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9967-1899
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca (2017PYCH2K_001)
Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
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Article History
Accepted: 1 October 2025
First Online: 2 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study protocol, which included Study 1, Study 2 and Study 3, received approval from the Bioethics Committee at the University of Bologna (prot. no. 224334, 09/10/2020), Italy.
: Parents provided written informed consent for participation and data protection. Participation was voluntary, and parents could withdraw at any time without explanation.
: No conflict of interest to declare.
: In preparing this manuscript, ChatGPT was used to verify the formal correctness of the text. After using this tool, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the publication.
