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Authors
Qu, Ping
Deng, Honghao
Wen, Jingsi
Pan, Feng
Zhu, Ting
Li, Fangbin
Wang, Yuyin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8977-4894
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the MOE (Ministry of Education in China) Project of Humanities and Social Sciences (21YJCZH042)
the MOE (Ministry of Education in China) Project of Humanities and Social Sciences (22YJAZH107)
Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province (2023A1515030200)
Higher Education Teaching Reform Project of Guangdong Province in China (No. 19)
Higher Education Teaching Reform Project of Guangdong Province in China (2020)
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Article History
Accepted: 12 November 2025
First Online: 11 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study involving humans was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Department of Psychology of Sun Yat-Sen University.
: Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: Artificial intelligence was employed solely for the purpose of language editing to enhance the clarity and readability of the manuscript. Beyond this limited capacity, artificial intelligence was not involved in any facet of the writing or data analysis processes.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
