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Authors
Ng, Hei-Yin Hydra
Hsu, Ai-Ling
Wu, Changwei W.
Huang, Chih-Mao
Chao, Yi-Ping
Jung, Tzyy-Ping
Chuang, Chun-Hsiang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Tsing Hua University
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Article History
Accepted: 3 December 2025
First Online: 19 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was reviewed and approved by the Taipei Medical University Joint Institute Review Board (Project number: N201905049) and the National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University’s Research Ethics Center for Human Subject Protection (Project number: NCTU-REC-109-037F).
: All of the participants provided written informed consent prior to participation.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: AI was not used in this study at all.
