Zhang, Zheng
Zhang, Qingqin
Lu, Ping
Shari, Nurul Izzah
Nik Jaafar, Nik Ruzyanei
Mohamad Yunus, Mohd Razif
Qiu, Qiyue
Leong Bin Abdullah, Mohammad Farris Iman https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7762-4052
Funding for this research was provided by:
Henan Medical Science and Technology Research Project (LHGJ20230512)
Henan Medical Science and Technology Research Project (222102310457)
Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin
Article History
Received: 21 November 2024
Accepted: 3 December 2025
First Online: 13 January 2026
Declarations
:
: This study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of Universiti Sains Malaysia (code: USM/JEPeM/21040321) and the Human Research Ethics Committee of Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (code: UKM/PPI/111/8/JEP-2021–753).
: Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to study participation.
: AI was used to edit the manuscript for English language clarity.
: The authors declare no conflict of interest.