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Article History

Received: 16 February 2026

Accepted: 31 May 2026

First Online: 16 June 2026

Declarations

:

: The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Research Review Committee in Nanjing University (Protocol #202503).

: Written informed consent was waived due to an online survey. An informed consent process was integrated into the survey’s introductory cover letter, which detailed the study’s purpose, the voluntary nature of participation, procedures to ensure confidentiality, and participants’ right to withdraw at any time without penalty.

: The authors declare no competing interests.