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Article History

Received: 15 December 2025

Accepted: 3 June 2026

First Online: 1 August 2026

Change Date: 31 August 2026

Change Type: Update

Change Details: The original online version of this article was revised for retrospective open access.

Declarations

Ethics Approval: The study was approved by the Mass General Brigham IRB (2019P00390) and Witten/Herdecke University ethics boards.

Consent to Participate: All participants provided written informed consent to participate in the research. Detailed consent and enrollment procedures are described in Online Resource (Participant Recruitment and Selection).

Competing interests: Dr. Sacchet and the Meditation Research Program have been funded by the Tan Teo Charitable Foundation, the Dimension Giving Fund, and additional Individual Donors. Dr. Sparby reports a relationship with Software AG that includes consulting or advisory services and funding grants.

Declaration of Generative AI and AI-Assisted Technologies in the Writing Process: During the preparation of this work, the first author used ChatGPT-5 (OpenAI, 2025) to improve the clarity and style of the written content. The tool was not used to generate new content, ideas, or citations. After employing this service, the first author carefully reviewed and edited all text. All authors take full responsibility for the integrity and accuracy of the publication.