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Article History

Received: 1 October 2025

Accepted: 29 June 2026

First Online: 11 July 2026

Declarations

:

: The study procedures were approved by the Stanford University Institutional Review Board (Protocol #35540) and adhere to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants prior to enrollment. In accordance with the Stanford University Institutional Review Board-approved protocol, participants reviewed the study information and completed the consent process electronically via Qualtrics. Participation was voluntary, and individuals could discontinue at any time without penalty.

: The authors declare the use of generative artificial intelligence (GAI) in the writing process. According to the GAIDeT taxonomy, the following tasks were delegated to GAI tools under full human supervision: proofreading and editing. The GAI tools used were VA’s ChatGPT-4.5 and Microsoft Copilot. Responsibility for the final manuscript lies entirely with the authors. This declaration is submitted by SH.

: The authors declare no competing interests.